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COI Art. 227  – Revision – Scope of interference is limited.

Service matter – Cadre – Meaning.

Motor Vehicles Act,  S. 173 – Pay and Recover  – Insurance Company exonerated – Appeal by claimants for making insurance company liable  – This Section empowers that any person can file Appeal so there is no need to consider who is aggrieved person – Appellants being  Claimants have right to file Appeal  – Though owner of offending truck has not challenged the impugned order, it cannot be said that the Claimants can’t challenge it – Order in appeal changed to Pay and Recover.

HMA – COI Art. 142 – Transfer Petition – Irretrievable breakdown of marriage – Mutual consent divorce granted. [2023 SCeJ 0234]

Punjab Land Revenue Act, 1887,   Section 28 – Lambardar – Appointment of – Age – Is a relevant factor . [PLRonline 119102]

Execution – Limitation – Filed after 12 years..  [PLRonline 114800]

Companies Act, S. 250 – Striking off – Even after dissolution of the company in view of striking off its name from the register, its existence remains only for the purpose of realising the amount due to the company or for the payment or discharge of the liabilities or obligations of  the company. [2023 PLRonline 0101 (NCLAT)]

NIA S. 138 – Conviction – courts should, unless there are special circumstances, in all cases of conviction, uniformly exercise the power to levy fine upto twice the cheque amount keeping in view the cheque amount and the simple interest thereon at nine per cent per annum [2014 PLRonline 0208 (SC)]

Criminal Trial –  Circumstantial evidence –  Chain of evidence must be so complete as to not leave any reasonable grounds for a conclusion consistent with the innocence of the accused; the accused ‘must be’ and not merely ‘may be’ guilty, before the Court can convict.  [2023 SCeJ 0226 = 2023 PLRonline 437602 (SC)]

IPC – Grevious hurt – The injuries were not intended to cause death but were sufficient to cause grievous injury. It was not a premeditated act – The scissors used by the appellant were little scissors used by tailors. [2023 PLRonline 0100]

Inference – Adverse inference

CPC S. 24 – Cardinal principle for exercise of power under S. 24 is that the ends of justice should demand the transfer. (2022-4)208 PLR 512 (SC), 2023 SCeJ 0223

IPC S. 149  – When five persons were specifically named in the FIR and five persons are facing the trial may be separately, Section 149 IPC would be attracted – FIR- Delay of 3 ½ days – Properly explained. [2023 SupremeCourtOnline 0009]

Chennai City Police Act, 1888 – Police Act, 1861 [2023 PLRonline 9003]

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Service matter – Cadre – Meaning.

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‘cadre’ generally “denotes a strength of a service or a part of service sanctioned as a separate unit. It also includes sanctioned strength with reference to grades in a particular service. Cadre may also include temporary, supernumerary and shadow posts created in different grades”.

JS Yadav v. State of UP, (2011) 6 SCC 570

A three-judge Bench of this Court while dealing with the scope of the expression ‘cadre’ referred to various judicial pronouncements. The Bench noted:

“24. […] The dispute that arose for consideration of this Court in Dr. Chakradhar Paswan v. State of Bihar [(1988) 2 SCC 214] relates to the posts of Director and three Deputy Directors in the Directorate of Indigenous Medicines, Department of Health, State of Bihar being grouped together for the purpose of implementing the policy of reservation under Article 16(4) of the Constitution of India. […] It was held that the term “cadre” has a definite legal connotation in service jurisprudence. This Court referred to Fundamental Rule 9(4) which defines the word “cadre” to mean the strength of a service or part of a service sanctioned as a separate unit. […]

25. […] The meaning of “cadre” fell for consideration of this Court again in Union of India v. Pushpa Rani [(2008) 9 SCC 242]. “Cadre” in the 1985 edition of the Railway Establishment Code is defined as the strength of a service or a part of a service sanctioned as a separate unit. This Court held that the posts sanctioned in different grades would constitute independent cadres, even for the purpose of implementing the roster. The reason for giving an enlarged meaning to the term “cadre” was that the posts in the railway establishment are sanctioned with reference to grades. Even temporary, work-charged, supernumerary and shadow posts created in different grades can constitute part of the cadre.

[…]

28. It is clear from the above statutory regime and the law laid down by this Court that civil posts under the Government are organised into different services. A service constitutes ‘classes’/‘groups’ of posts. A ‘class’/‘group’ is further bifurcated into grades. Though the nomenclature might be different, the structure of services under the Union and the States is similar. According to the instructions issued by the Union of India, cadres are constituted for each grade. At the cost of repetition, the Union of India submitted that there are 3800 cadres in 44 Ministries / Departments. Fundamental Rule 9(4) defines “cadre” to mean the strength of a service or part of a service sanctioned as a separate unit. It is the choice of a State to constitute cadres. The entire service cannot be considered to be a cadre for the purpose of promotion from one post to a higher post in a different grade. Promotion is made from one grade to the next higher grade, in relation to which cadres are constituted. This Court in Dr. Chakradhar Paswan (supra) has categorically stated that the post of Director and Deputy Director cannot form one cadre. A cadre is constituted by the Government by taking into account several factors within its sole discretion.”

Jarnail Singh v. Lacchmi Narain Gupta, 2022 SCC OnLine SC 96

Tags: Service Matter - Cadre, Transfer - Service matter
Tags: Service Matter - CadreTransfer - Service matter

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